NORM Awareness for Oil and Gas

Genellikle neleri kapsar

1. 1

   Radiation Basics and What NORM Is

   • NORM in Oil and Gas: What It Is and What This Course Covers
   • Atoms, Decay and Half-Life
   • Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
   • Irradiation and Contamination
   • Units, Dose and Background Radiation
2. 2

   Where NORM Comes From and Where It Collects

   • From Reservoir Rock to Produced Water
   • Scale and Sludge: Where Radium Ends Up
   • Radon, Lead-210 and Polonium-210 in Gas Systems
   • NORM Locations on a Production Facility
   • Closed Equipment and Open Equipment: When NORM Becomes a Hazard
3. 3

   Exposure, Health and the Principles of Protection

   • Routes of Exposure
   • Health Effects in Perspective
   • Justification, Optimisation and Dose Limitation
   • Time, Distance and Shielding
   • Containment and Cleanliness
4. 4

   Finding NORM and Working Safely With It

   • How NORM Is Found: Surveys, Meters and Samples
   • Labels, Tags and Designated Areas
   • The Permit, the Precautions and the People
   • Keeping Dust Down: Wet Methods and Local Containment
   • Protective Clothing, Hygiene and Leaving the Area
5. 5

   Waste, Transport, Decommissioning and Response

   • Storing Contaminated Equipment and Waste
   • Transport and Disposal Routes
   • Decommissioning, Used Equipment and Scrap
   • Guidance, Regulators and Rules That Differ by Country
   • Suspect Scale, Spills and Cuts: What to Do
   • Three Cases and Ten Rules