Petrophysics and Formation Evaluation

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1. 1

   Formation Evaluation and Its Data Sources

   • What Petrophysics and Formation Evaluation Are
   • Mud Logging: Cuttings, Gas and Rate of Penetration
   • Coring and Core Analysis
   • Wireline Logging and Logging While Drilling
   • Formation Testers, Pressure Testing and Fluid Sampling
2. 2

   The Borehole Environment and the Basic Logs

   • The Borehole Environment and Invasion
   • Reading a Log Print: Tracks, Scales and the Header
   • Caliper and Gamma Ray Logs
   • The Spontaneous Potential Log
   • Resistivity Logs: Laterolog, Induction and Micro-Resistivity
3. 3

   Porosity, Lithology and Advanced Logs

   • The Density Log and the Photoelectric Factor
   • The Neutron Log
   • The Sonic Log
   • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs
   • Borehole Image Logs
4. 4

   Quick-Look Interpretation: Shale Volume and Porosity

   • The Quick-Look Workflow
   • Shale Volume from the Gamma Ray
   • Porosity from the Density Log
   • Sonic Porosity and the Neutron–Density Crossplot
   • The Gas Effect and the Shale Effect on Porosity
5. 5

   Water Saturation, Net Pay and Fluid Contacts

   • Archie’s Equation and Its Parameters
   • Archie in Practice: A Worked Example and Finding Rw
   • Shaly Sands: Where Archie Falls Short
   • Net Pay Cut-Offs and Net-to-Gross
   • Fluid Contacts from Logs and Pressure Gradients
6. 6

   Integration, Quality and Reporting

   • Estimating Permeability
   • Integrating Core and Log Data
   • Log Data Quality Control
   • Uncertainty in Petrophysical Results
   • Reporting a Petrophysical Interpretation